Mergers And Acquisitions Of Daimler And Chrysler Management Essay

Mergers And Acquisitions Of Daimler And Chrysler Management Essay Mergers and acquisitions can be value creators or value destroyers, According to Mirvis and Marks (1997), most companies executing MAs perform a perfect job arranging the relative economical and financial traits, providing the fact that they do a remarkable job in managing the upcoming change thereafter. Before conducting an MA analysis, it is important to understand what is meant by the word change. Although there is no universal definition change, as Hughes (2006) says it has been explained in terms of guises, transformation, metamorphosis, evolution, regeneration and transition. The generic definition of change as defined by Hughes (2006) is any alteration in the status quo. The leadership and direction of the process of organizational transformation especially with regard to human aspects and overcoming resistance to change According to Hughes definition and Lwins change model (1951) (Figure 1), the change process will be explored by specifically analysing a famous car industry MA case: Daimler-Chrysler (DCX)  [i]  merger, one brand, two cultures. Figure 1: Lwins change stages [Source: Higgs Rowland, 2005] DaimlerBenz AG of Stuttgart, Germany, and the Chrysler Corporation of Auburn Hills, Michigan, surprised the business world at a press conference in London on May 7, 1998, when they announced their merger of equals made in heaven. This major cross-border transaction, with an equity value of $36 billion, was the largest merger of its kind to date.  [ii]  Robert Eaton and Jà ¼rgen E. Schrempp, co-chairmen of DCX, announced their expectation that this deal would be not only the best strategic merger or the best prepared merger, but also the best executed merger.Whether or not this statement came to be true, is yet to be analyzed in this paper. THE BIG TWO The Mercedes famous three-pointed star that represents its domination of the land, the sea, and the air is now one of the worlds most recognized brands that symbolizes class, style and personality. On the other side, stands Giant yank, Chrysler, carrying the fame of being among the big three in U.S., famously known for producing muscle cars. Pre-merger situation: Daimler In 1926 was founded in Stuttgart, Germany Daimler-Benz, a manufacturer of automobiles, motor vehicles, and engines. Unknown to many, it is already the result of a merger between Benz Cie(founded by Karl Benz) and Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft(founded by Gottleib Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach). The new entity rapidly made its name in motor sports as its cars were regarded as high end race automobiles.  [iii]  [Appendix A] Pre-merger situation: Chrysler The roots of Chrysler Corporations go back to 1925, when the American car manufacturer, Maxwell Motor Company is recognized into Chrysler Corporation by Walter P. Chrysler  [iv]  . Along with GM and Ford, Chrysler made the powerful triangle of the biggest car manufacturers in U.S. The Corporations was- back in mid 1990s- nothing less than the most profitable car producer in the world.  [v]  In 1997, the company even reached a peak in terms of market shares in the U.S., at an impressive figure of 23%. [Appendix A] Chrysler had always known itself to be a blue collar, bold Yank. It was able to survive a bankruptcy during the Second World War, and this state was stabilized by its boom- bust cash flows. THE RATIONALE FOR A MERGE OF EQUALS In order to maintain with the speed of an external change, the easiest way that an organization should adopt is to take advantage of internal change accordingly. It must increase its intercommunication by putting out as many feelers as possible to bring a collective view of the constantly shifting situation into the organization. Getting ready for a change, Unfreezing the present situation is the first step recognized by Lewin, it is described as the state of preparation for change and preventing any possible resistance  [vi]  . Taking into account the push factors for change, Chrysler CEO, Eaton, convinced his empire that they need a partner to blow the caution in this dog-eat-dog market, by telling a story. Yet, his mental cognitions in making sense of his environment and ending up in merge decision, was one of its own kind, owning one fourth of the whole American market share, Chrysler was among the big three is U.S., and the position was royal enough for Eaton not to buy more troubles for the company, however, international reach was his goal in this story, this is how he made sense of the merger: Bob Eaton, Chrysler CEO, gave the speech of his life at company headquarters in Auburn Hills, Michigan on July the 17th. 1997  [vii]  . Instead of revelling in four years of rapid growth, he warned of trouble brewing on the horizon. His urgent oratory, adapted from the nonfiction bestseller The Perfect Storm  [viii]  , a tale of three fishermen caught at the confluence of three potent storms off the Canadian coast, warned that a triad of identical elements posing a threat to demolish Chrysler.  [ix]   Daimler-Benz, meanwhile, standing on the reverse position, was looking for a soul-mate. Despite a booming U.S. economy, its luxury vehicles had captured less than 1% of the American market.  [x]  Its vehicle production method was particularly labor intensive requiring nearly twice as many workers per unit produced over Toyotas Lexus division. It recognized that it could benefit from an economy of scale in this capital-intensive industry. With $2.8 billion in annual profits, remarkable efficiency, low design costs, and an extensive American dealership network, Chrysler appeared to be the perfect match. Having Chrysler, looking for his share from the European market pie, on one hand, and Daimler, seeking for attractive U.S. market on the other hand, the merger between two giants made sense. On May 7th. 1998, Eaton announced that Chrysler would merge with Daimler-Benz. Daimler-Benz CEO Jà ¼rgen Schrempp hailed the merge as a merger of equals, a merger of growth, and a merger of unprecedented strength.  [xi]   When he rang the bell at the New York Stock Exchange to inaugurate trading of the new stock, Daimler-Chrysler (DCX), Eaton predicted, Within five years, well be among the Big Three automotive companies in the world.  [xii]   Only three years later DCXs market capitalization stands at $44 billion, roughly equal to the value of Daimler-Benz before the merger  [xiii]  and Chrysler Groups share value has been descending by one-third, compared to the pre-merger situation. Chrysler was bleeding cash unlike the Mercedes.  [xiv]   CHANGE ANALYSIS (Post-merger issues-The rationale for the failure) A SPECTACULAR FAILURE MAs in this scale are inherently complicated, Kiefer (2004) asserts changes of greater complexity are likely to generate more negative and more intense emotions and more resistance (George and Jones, 2001), and therefore require more careful management. Seemingly, DCX underestimated this matter. Only 2 years before Daimler-Chrysler divorce a journalist declared: One of the greatest unions in history burst inward soon after the merge.  [xv]   Why? Unlike what has been communicated to both parties staff, it has not been the merger of equals from the start, the kick start negotiations best proved this fact. Eaton, settled huge agreements and compromises all the way of negotiations. The residency, brand, he even agreed to be a co-chairman which led to a massive crisis in the history of American leadership. German won more bonuses and their dominance were clear which was opposing the virtue of a merger, making it more sound like an acquisition. They were not negotiation the compromises, Chrysler have been compromised only. [Appendix B] Later, Schrempp did not hesitate to state in the German Press: What happened to the dynamic, can-do cowboy culture that I bought?  [xvi]   CULTURAL CLASH On paper, Daimler-Chrysler was the perfect match: German engineering with American marketing, but German culture and American culture dilemma took over the success scenario. [Appendix C]. Burnes (1996) reconfirms Schwartz and Davis cultural risk approach design in attempting to warn the managers and the change leaders that if risk is underestimated it could become dangerous. If one is aware of American pride and German authoritarian, he would know the worse can be expected. Daimler had systemically decision making process, whereas Americans were inspiring creativity. The Stress on effectiveness, fair staff treatment, and empowerment made Chrysler famous for adoptability and flexibility; whereas Daimler seemed more autocratic and bureaucratic. All these cultural variations soon became visible in both companies daily activities. As an example, Daimler managers were concerned a lot about daily trivial cases which disappointed Chrysler executives, cases such as the shape of a pamphlets and etc. Meanwhile, Daimler leaders were frustrated by Eatons emotional actions during the speech. In a nutshell, Daimler-Benz had been the symbol of German power whereas Chrysler has been entitled as the most economical and nimblest car manufactories worldwide. [Appendix D] http://www.managementparadise.com/forums/miscellaneous-projects/73392-organisation-culture.html STRUCTURAL MISMATCHES Another key issue at DCX was the differences in par structures between the two pre-merger entities. Germans disliked huge pay disparities and were unlikely to accept any steep revision of top management salaries. But American CEOs were rewarded handsomely. Chrysler could cut pay only at the risk of losing its talented managers. Germans and Americans also had different working styles. The Germans were used to lengthy reports and extended discussions. On the other hand, the Americans performed little paperwork and liked to keep their meetings short. Americans favored fast-paced trial-and-error experimentation, whereas Germans drew up painstakingly detailed plans and implemented them precisely. In general, the Germans perceived the Americans as chaotic while the Americans felt that the Germans were stubborn militarists. Post merger, Americans were trapped in the German style of planning, constantly being told what to do, gradually damping their creativity and autonomy. James Holden, Chrysler president from September 1999 through November 2000, explained that Mercedes is famous for being a high end luxury brand, whereas Chrysler, Dodge, Plymouth and Jeep were serving a lower market, it was a marrying up, marrying down event .  [xvii]  This fueled an undercurrent of tension, which was amplified by the fact that American workers earned appreciably more than their German counterparts, sometimes four times as much. DAIMLERS HEGEMONY German over-representation is also apparent in the board structure, [Appendix E] they approve all major company decisions, including the firing of executive management .In 2000, two successive Chrysler presidents, Holden and Stallkamp, both American, were fired. The Daimler-Benz management presence permeated every important function at Chrysler USA. By the end of 2000, there were only 128,000 Chrysler employees still working in the US operations, all anxious and demoralized. Ex-Chrysler managers felt that Daimler-Benz was steadily leading Chrysler into a state of chaos. Schrempp openly said that he never intended the merger be one of equals, and when he began replacing several American executives with German ones, Chrysler must have felt a little humiliated. Even though honesty and directness are welcomed and encouraged in Germany, several Americans do not appreciate such boldness. Consequently, reputations have certainly been damaged during the process. With Chrysler being taken over by Daimler, with regard to that, mostly Americans were feeling betrayed How could you let Daimler make you a mere subsidiary? http://marisyksti.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?orderby=updated The managers who had built Chryslers cowboy bravado were no more there. Some remained on staff, feeling withdrawn, ineffective and eclipsed by the Germans in Stuttgart. Others left for a more promising future at G.M. or Ford. The American dynamism faded under subtle German pressure. According to a Daimler-Benz executive, Eaton went weeks without speaking with Schrempp. Schrempp, meanwhile, was afraid of being labeled a takeover artist. He left Chrysler alone for too long. After the merger, many people observed that Bob Eaton seemed cold-eyed, withdrawn, and uninterested. According to then-president Peter Stallkamp, Eaton had really checked-out about a year before he left  [xviii]  . The managers feared for their careers, and in the absence of assurance, they assumed the worst. The dislike and distrust ran deep, with some Daimler-Benz executives publicly declaring that they would never drive a Chrysler. My mother drove a Plymouth, and it barely lasted two-and-a-half years, commented Mercedes-Benz division Chief Jà ¼rgen Hubbert to the  [xix]  Suddeutsche Zeitung. Irate Chrysler managers responded with jabs of their own. Bob Lutz, then Chrysler vice-chairman, pointed out to the Detroit Free Press that The Jeep Grand Cherokee earned a greater rate of customer satisfaction in comparison with M-Class.  [xx]   The culture clash has been obvious. Much of this clash was intrinsic to a union between two companies. Their corporate structure, culture and wage systems were thoroughly different. In depth, this union was seemingly the source of trouble: Daimler-Benz and Chryslers brand images were founded upon diametrically opposite premises. From holding language classes to cutting idioms in conversations, from dinner parties to Post Merger teams, DCX put in ample effort to bridge the chasm, but due to deep uncertainty, and lack of trust, they failed to accomplish the remedy. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS (Lewins refreezing stage that never happened) CONCLUSION What seemed to be a perfect match, the largest trans-Atlantic merger ever, sank unexpectedly. What was supposed to be the leading car manufactory in the world became the chief failure in the MA industry. The disruptive change was inevitable, however, by assuring the staff about the stability of condition, they would loosen their faith and trust on the managers, they know change is coming but they are eager to know what would be the consequences for them. Nadler (1993) ascertains that changes threaten an individuals sense of stability and can present anxieties while reducing the sense of autonomy. Resisting change may function as a survival mechanism where change is perceived as a threat creating a type of organisational autopoiesis, exhibiting a strong resistance when something valuable is under threat (Goldstein, 1988). As it has been seen in every stage of the story, talented managers and engineers left due to the fact that they were feeling withdrawn and flooded. Consequently, the expected synergies never happened and on May, 2007, Chrysler has been sold to Cerebrus Capital Management  [xxi]  , and they failed to accomplish the last phase of lewins change model (Refreezing stage). In summary, the Germans and the Americans were not in sync since the beginning. Different management teams with heavy prides, resisting from compromise and unaware of change would never create a team. DCX have combined nothing beyond some administrative departments, such as finance and public relations. http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy1/Daimler-Chrysler%20Merger%20Cultural%20Mismatch%20Business%20Strategy.htm Learning from analyzing the case, a number of recommendations are outlined further on. RECOMMENDATIONS Firstly, there would never be a partnership of equals happening in any international extents. There would always be a stronger part in terms of finance or market share, thus the resulting arrogance on either side of the merges would imperil the business joint. The Daimler-Chrysler merger should have begun with a strategy, to decide if they wanted to combine the two different cultures, or start off with one brand new one. To do this they should have analyzed the existing cultures, to establish the similarities and the differences. Culture must be blended rather than changed. Moreover, balancing the need for change with the motivation to preserve existing identity, determine the elements that contribute to the development of change capacity. Meanwhile, building a series of interventions such as creating an understanding, building skills, gaining commitment enhances peoples motivation and consequently a favourable and sustainable change. A further important factor is communicating the urgency for change in depth, as is in maintaining momentum, following Kotters (Ch1) words stating that successful large scale change involves momentum. Considering the uncertainty and negative emotions that accompany change, the ability to discern the emotional reactions to change of employees and board members enhances influence levels and provides the necessary support to the change process (Kiefer, 2004). Displaying an autocratic fashion behaviour by failing to address the concerns of people in the organisation and not devoting ample time and energy in building commitment, inhibits effective change implementation. That it is not about which approaches and best practices are chosen by the manager. The main thing that should be kept in view by the managers is that what is to be changed, what is the circumstance and what is the choice of adopted approach. Was this the failure of planning and executing productive change? Absolutely! People dont resist change. They resist being changed! (Peter Senge)

Case Study – George David

CASE: 1 GEORGE DAVID 1. What makes George David such a highly regarded manager? * Best Educated Manpower One of George David's most notable good deeds was to set up a landmark of $60 million per year employee scholarship program in 1996. The program helps each UTC employee who wants for education to pays their college tuition, books, fees and even time off to study. David also extended benefits for four years to laid-off workers who had been relocated.He even added another incentive with amount $5,000 worth of company stock to all employees who complete associate degrees and $10,000 worth of company stock to those who complete bachelor degrees or higher. In the first three years of the program, UTC has spent more than $100 million on tuition, fees, and books. According to David, he said that the employee scholarship program was designed to meet his goal of having â€Å"the best educated workforce on the planet†. When David first proposed the program in 1995, other executives b elieved the employees would take their new degrees and use them to benefit other employers.However, the evidence shows that employees who go through the program had become more loyal to UTC, he successfully retained his employees and raised the skill level of workers as the turnover rate for these employees has been about one-half that of the overall workforce. * Reorganizing UTC with a focus on Business excellence During his tenure as CEO, David thoroughly reorganized UTC. He dramatically cut down the size of head office and decentralized decision making to business divisions.He also developed a new financial reporting system that would give him good information about each division and make it easier to hold divisional general managers accountable for their performance respectively. In the other hands, he also set demanding goals for earnings and sales growth for the employees and motivate them by implementing ACE program for improved productivity and building a strong management t eam that yields big results. * Concerned About Employee’s Safety David was adhering to social responsibility. Despite his interest in shareholder value, he was concerned about his employee’s safe and health.David wanted each employees adhere to the highest ethical standards, which the company having minimal environmental impact. He strongly advocates the Employee Safety at the place of work, employee’s safety always remain as the top consideration in the workplace. * A mix of toughness and sensitivity David has the right mix of toughness and sensitivity. He would offer help to people struggling at work but would not tolerate repeated instances of incompetence. David is demanding but he also makes it a point to listen to his people. 2. How does David get things done through people?David had all the qualities, skills of an efficient Manager. With the conceptual, Technical and managerial skills that he possessed, David had the ability to get things done through peo ple. He combined some of the best Japanese manufacturing techniques with an intense focus on shareholder return (something Japanese companies are not particularly known for). That’s how he achieved exceptional performance over a long period. With the help of Yuzuru Ito, he developed a program known as Achieving Competitive Excellence, for improving product quality, increased productivity and to lower the cost of production.His employee friendly schemes like Scholarship program, Safety at work ; Corporate Responsibility towards the environment made him popular among employees and they became more loyal to the company. The manufacturing operations that were susceptible to quality improvements, efficiency improvements, and technological improvements were the process disciplines of UTC under David’s presidency. David has the right mix of toughness and sensitivity. He would offer help to people struggling at work but would not tolerate repeated instances of incompetence. Da vid is demanding but he also makes it a point to listen to his people. . What evidence can you see of David’s planning and strategizing, organizing, controlling, leading, and developing? David’s planning, organizing, controlling, leading and developing the company made UTC see greater heights. Planning ; Strategizing: One of the first things David did when he became CEO of UTC was to bring in Yuzuru Ito, the quality guru who helped him formulate his guiding principles of leadership. With the help of Yuzuro, David rolled out the ACE program which improved the production quality, increased productivity and lowered the cost of production.He started the Employee Scholarship Program due to which, the employees became more loyal to the company becoming partners of growth. It also resulted in a better skilled workforce. Organizing: During his tenure as CEO, David also radically reorganized UTC. He had to take some harsh decisions and had to lay off many employees. Controlling ; Developing: To have more control on the staff and to make them accountable, he developed a new financial reporting system that would give him good information about how well each division was doing.Hence the divisional general managers were accountable for the performance of the units under them. He then gave demanding goals for earnings, cost reduction, increased sales and pushed them to improve processes within their units. Leading: David stressed on goal setting and holding people accountable. He insisted that UTC employees adhere to the highest ethical standards. Thanks to his quality-improvement techniques, UTC was running to achieve maximum efficiency. 4. Which managerial competencies does David seem to posses? Does he seem to lack any? David had all the qualities, skills, competencies of an efficient Manager.With the conceptual, Technical and managerial skills that he possessed, David had the uncanny ability to get things done through people. David has the right mix of tou ghness and sensitivity. He would offer help to people struggling at work but would not tolerate repeated instances of incompetence. David is demanding but he also makes it a point to listen to his people. He had the foresight to see how a superior education funded by the organization would lead to not only a better qualified workforce but would also in turn result in long term loyalty.David also showcased his ability to take tough decisions by decentralizing and laying excess staff in order to have a lean and effective business. He directed his accounting staff to develop a new financial reporting system that would give him good information about how well each division was doing and make it easier to hold divisional general managers accountable for the performance of the units under them. David set demanding goals and encouraged his general managers to deliver them by using the ACE program. He worked towards building a positive work culture with values and ethics at the heart of ope rations.

Academic Writing Essay

My interest in International Relations and my decision to continue my education in this field is the outcome of my profound interest in Asian studies. Majoring in History of India, during my final year I became especially interested in the sphere of International Relations and Foreign Policy of India, writing my thesis on Indian Foreign Policy during Nehru’s Government and Indian-Chinese relations. Two trips to India 1997 and 1998 allowed me to become better acquainted with this country, refine my knowledge of Hindi and collect unique data for my research. This unforgettable experience convinced me that I had made the right choice of study, leading me to apply for a PhD Degree so as to extend my research in this field. I have so far completed two years of the PhD program at St. Petersburg State University. My dissertation aims at disclosing those problems which still hinder the process of normalization between the two Asian countries, India and China, reflecting on how Indian scholars perceive these issues. See more: Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn essay Thus my research covers both Regional Studies and field of International Relations as a global world system where these two countries play an important role. My presentation of a paper on Indo-Chinese Relations in 1980s at the international conference â€Å"East Asia – St. Petersburg – Europe: inter-civilization contacts and perspectives on economic cooperation† held in St. Petersburg a year ago gave me the opportunity to meet many outstanding researchers, including my referee, Marcia Ristaino, who encouraged me to continue my studies focusing specifically on International Relations and Regional Studies. For that reason I applied and was accepted to the MA Program in International Relations and European Studies at Central European University in Budapest with a scholarship from Soros foundation. The courses I am taking here will provide me with a sound background in theoretical issues in International Relations. The reason of why I am applying for another Master’s Degree is that the CEU program, despite its theoretical strength, has very few courses directly related to my major interest, Regional Studies and conflict resolution and peacekeeping. For this reason I would like to deepen my practical understanding of International Relations and relate it to a more focused concentration on conflict analysis and resolution through the program of the Carleton University. I am aware of the high reputation of your school and the excellent Master’s program that you offer at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs. I believe it will certainly help me with my research and career objectives either through work in diplomatic service or at an international organization where I will be able to apply my knowledge and skills obtained through studies at your University. Courses such as Conflict Analysis, International Mediation and Conflict Resolution and International Organizations in International Affairs will be very helpful for my analyzing of the problems in the South Asian subcontinent and beyond it and will allow me to deeper understand the reasons for numerous interstate and intrastate conflicts that persist in the region. Moreover these courses will be of particular relevance to my career plans which are to find employment with UN or a similar institution in the field of conflict resolution and peacekeeping. The possibility to combine theoretical studies with practical skills in conflict analysis and resolution at the Carleton University will enable me to become a good specialist who will be able to contribute to the common cause of peace in the world. I am eager to become a professional orientalist, as I believe this field of study will always be important in the changing world where Asian countries such as India and China play significant roles in the international arena. MA at the Carleton University would be a precious experience both in terms of my academic and professional career. I hope you will give me the opportunity to realize my ambition. (A CEU Student – reproduced here with kind permission) Sample #2 Having majored in literary studies (world literature) as an undergraduate, I would now like to concentrate on English and American literature. I am especially interested in nineteenth-century literature, women’s literature, Anglo-Saxon poetry, and folklore and folk literature. My personal literary projects have involved some combination of these subjects. For the oral section of my comprehensive exams, I specialized in nineteenth century novels by and about women. The relation ship between â€Å"high† and folk literature became the subject for my honors essay, which examined Toni Morrison’s use of classical, biblical, African, and Afro-American folk tradition in her novel. I plan to work further on this essay, treating Morrison’s other novels and perhaps preparing a paper suitable for publication. In my studies toward a doctoral degree, I hope to examine more closely the relationship between high and folk literature. My junior year and private studies of Anglo-Saxon language and literature have caused me to consider the question of where the divisions between folklore, folk literature, and high literature lie. Should I attend your school, I would like to resume my studies of Anglo-Saxon poetry, with special attention to its folk elements. Writing poetry also figures prominently in my academic and professional goals. I have just begun submitting to the smaller journals with some success and am gradually building a working manuscript for a collection. The dominant theme of this collection relies on poems that draw from classical, biblical, and folk traditions, as well as everyday experience, in order to celebrate the process of giving and taking life, whether literal or figurative. My poetry draws from and influences my academic studies. Much of what I read and study finds a place in my creative work as subject. At the same time, I study the art of literature by taking part in the creative process, experimenting with the tools used by other authors in the past. In terms of a career, I see myself teaching literature, writing criticism, and going into editing or publishing poetry. Doctoral studies would be valuable to me in several ways. First, your teaching assistantship program would provide me with the practical teaching experience I am eager to acquire. Further, earning a Ph. D. in English and American literature would advance my other two career goals by adding to my skills, both critical and creative, in working with language. Ultimately, however, I see the Ph. D. as an end in itself, as well as a professional stepping-stone; I enjoy studying literature for its own sake and would like to continue my studies on the level demanded by the Ph. D. program. The following is a shortened sample SOP (with technical details removed. ) Expert comments at the end of the paragraphs point out important features. After one year’s work experience as a research technician at [redacted], one of the US’s leading research institutes, I want to return to academic study and undertake graduate studies in Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at the University of [redacted]. Stating what you are doing now and what you are applying for is a simple, direct way of starting an SOP. After graduating with a first class degree from [redacted], University of [redacted], I felt I should gain some practical experience working in a research environment to gain first-hand knowledge of what the life of a research scientist entails. I have loved every minute of my work: especially the opportunity to participate in cutting-edge projects and discuss ideas with senior biologists. I soon realized that, although I enjoy handling the complex equipment and processing the results, I am not going to be satisfied with carrying out routine procedures under the direction of others. I want to be part of the team that directs the course of the project. My senior colleagues have encouraged my ambition and feel that I have the potential for graduate studies. Notice how the student tries to analyze the reasons for her choices. My love of biology started in high school. We had a young and enthusiastic teacher, Mrs [redacted], who took us on field trips and visits. She made sure we did as much practical work as was feasible, and demonstrated experiments that we hadn’t the equipment or time to do ourselves. She also encouraged us to read. I remember the impact reading Maynard Smith’s The Theory of Evolution had on me: I wanted to be able to explain such important ideas as clearly as he did. Quite naturally my first thoughts about a future career tended towards teaching – I wanted to be another Mrs [redacted]. It is good to explain how you became interested in your subject. However, don’t go too far back! Notice that a specific example helps create interest. At undergraduate level, my interests became more focused. Although physiology and ecology came easy to me, it was biochemistry and cell biology that really captured my interest. We were fortunate to have good laboratories and excellent professors. I found that cell biology was an interdisciplinary undertaking: today you need a foundation in chemistry, physics and even IT to be at the forefront in this subject. This interdisciplinary aspect of the subject suits my abilities well. I have always performed well in all science subjects and find it challenging to apply the knowledge to practical problems. For this reason I chose to undertake a project in my final year on the behavior of protein molecules in high energy fields at [redacted]. The scientists at [redacted] were impressed with my practical skills and were happy to give me a recommendation that led to my present job. Details of courses and projects help to show focus. (This student went on to describe another important college project. She also gave a full description of her current scientific work. ) Many people have asked me why I did not proceed directly to graduate studies after graduating. The answer is that I wanted to make sure that I had chosen the right subject and the right place before embarking on a course of study that would involve many years of my life. The one-year gap has also given me time to work with the local Natural History Society: we take families on Sunday trips to the nearby National Park to help create awareness about environmental issues. I have also been a member and organizer of the [redacted] Film Society: we watch and discuss films from all over the world. I am looking forward to furthering my interest in film in the [redacted] Film club, at your university, and I also hope to use my passion for teaching in the [redacted] Social Outreach program. Explain the reasons for any unusual features of your career (taking a year out, poor performance, etc.). Include social and extracurricular activities to show balance in your life or because they are relevant to the course. In selecting the University of [redacted] I have been influenced by the way your research program addresses biological questions at the levels of molecule, gene and cell. I am particularly looking forward to such courses as Developmental Biology and Bioinformatics. I am also excited to interact with Professors [redacted] and [redacted] whose work is closest to what I want to pursue for the original research component of the MS degree. I have been corresponding with [redacted], a current student, from whom I have learned about the collaborative environment at [redacted] where I will interact with talented students, teachers and industry professionals. I believe that I will be able to contribute to and learn from the academically challenging environment at the University of [redacted]. Statement of Purpose(SOP) Name: ***** Major: Master of Science in Computer Science(MS in Computer Science) â€Å"Time and tide wait for no man†, this we all know. Having done an inspiring four-year course in Computer Science Engineering. I would like to put to use this knowledge to do my PhD in Computer Science. This would give me the leading edge in technology and the practical low-down and the information I require. For the past few decades man is advancing in to the unknown realms of science and technology. This advancement is to make life easy and to increase human comfort at home and at work and I would like to be an integral part of such betterment. For this, research would be of prime importance with hands on experience in real time Applications accompanied by in-depth knowledge of the subject. Technology,today,means power in the widest sense of tem and merely the power of mind. And it is this power potential that has given it the status it now enjoys. Right from my childhood I had a strong inclination to be a Compute Science Engineer. My interest in the subject has grown with each passing year and it has reached where even PhD will not quench my thirst for knowledge. I have come to terms with the fact that there is an enormous proportion of subject to be assimilated. I want to take up a research oriented course for my career. A natural aptitude for mathematics, a sense of logic, analytical ability, capacity for diligent work and high academic credentials secured me a place in Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women. The four years curriculum exposed me to the entire gamut of computer courses thus laying a strong foundation for both my Hardware and Software fundamentals. My main areas of interest were Computer Graphics and Multimedia. I enjoyed the course in Networks and Operating Systems. My interest in Graphics and Database led me to prepare eye-catching illustrations to explain the electronic models. I have developed many Software programs in C, Unix , Java. My final year project was Enterprise Resources Planning Procurement Process System, under CMC Limited, A TATA Enterprise. The project was completed in a period of 3 months using Java, J2EE as front End and Oracle as the back End. The field of application of technology is what interests me the most. I want to acquire the learning that will enable me to contribute to the development pf a new software, which can improve efficiency and accuracy of work in varied sphere. Digital Processing is already transforming the world of Communications. My ambition is to work at the forefront of the technology with the ability to find innovative solutions to the changing needs. You might ask as to why a degree from United States of America only. Since 1994 computers have been out performing automobiles in terms of units sold annually in the U. S. A. All in all computers contributed nearly 10% of United States of America GDP. The United Sates of America is way ahead of any other nation in computer technology, manufacture and sales and would thus provide me the best infrastructure and know-how currently available. Besides, it is a country where Science and Technology is a way to achieve social progress and where improving human life’s very important. All these factors coupled together make the United States of America an ideal place to pursue my further studies. The distinguished faculty and excellent facilities at your university make its graduation program ideally suited to my professional goals. Your University provides me a dynamic atmosphere, which will shape me to be a thinker and a learner. The flexibility of the curriculum will give me the broad-based education I need to widen the scope of my knowledge and skills. The diversity of the student’s body will open my mind to new influences, new ideas and new ways of doing things. The world is literally becoming a global village where opportunities for work are transcending physical space. With the Cyberspace connections, Indian knowledge workers are increasingly contributing to the global work force. The international education will give me the training and the caliber to meet the global clients. I look forward to being an active contributing member of the student community at your University. Continuous progress is the key to life. And for progress, knowledge and proper guidance are essentials. I am sure, the quality knowledge and impeccable guidance will mould me to be in the learning mode all my life opening the way for constant growth as a person and a professional STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Respected Graduate Admission Committee: My name is **** . I pursued my undergraduate studies in Computer Science and Engineering at MVSR Engineering College, Osmania University, India. I am planning to pursue my higher education and I really hope to get enrolled into the Masters program, for the term starting Spring ’08, at University of North Carolina at Charlotte. In the following paragraphs I have summarized my educational background, motivation for graduate study and my areas of interest. Starting off with my academic’s, I completed my schooling in ****, Warangal, India. My school helped me develop better in the field of science, right from the initial stages, with different techno fests, science expos and I have secured 74% marks in 10’Th standard though I secured 86% in mathematics. Then I said to myself that I am a far better performing student than these marks suggest. Hence to prove my capability to myself I worked hard with sincerity and devotion and obtained valuable marks of 83% in my Board of Intermediate at Sri Chaitanya Junior College, Hyderabad, India. At very young age as a student in high school, computer for me was only a means of entrainment as I found it exciting to play games and generating various mathematical series and patterns thorough BASIC programming. I was dumbfounded to know that games are nothing but programs. Curious to know how to program I developed a serious interest in Computers. This keen interest in mathematics along with a strong liking for computers, and particularly programming, prompted me to choose engineering with Computer Science as my major. This decision gave me ample opportunity to consolidate my creative energies and harness my technical aptitude. Early in my undergraduate study I was introduced to basic programming languages of C, C++ and Java. I understood the key features of each language and realized that one was an improvement of the other. Java being the most powerful and robust language of all fascinated me the most. My first computer science project was â€Å"Core Banking†, which performs the operations of creating an account, assigning an account number and handling transactions involving deposits and withdrawals. This program was initially written in C++ following the concepts of object-oriented programming. Later I modified the same program with some improvements like adding a GUI interface using Java. During the second year of my undergraduate studies, I had an opportunity to visit an IT company of my father’s friend. It was here that I actually saw hundreds of computers connected to each other and performing several different operations. I had many questions on my mind – â€Å"How are computers connected and if connected, how can they be managed? † Curious to know the answers and following the advice of my uncle, I read some books on Windows Networking. I was fascinated by the concepts of Domain, Active Directory, Group Policy and DNS. In the third year of my engineering studies, I was introduced to the subject of Computer Networks. Already having a sound knowledge in practical computer networking, I was at ease with this subject. During this course, I learnt the software side of networking i. e.  how to actually implement and develop different servers. The sessions in the labs were devoted in developing programs like implementation of connection-oriented and connectionless Echo Servers, concurrent multithreaded File Transfer Server and Chat Server. Currently in my fourth year, area of Distributed Systems and especially Peer-to-Peer Systems are of great interest to me. I undertook a project in Galaxie Software Solutions as an intern to design and develop a E-Care system, is an Help Desk System which can overcome some of the disadvantages of the existing software. My work in Galaxie Software Solutions gave me solid practical knowledge of many technologies and concepts such as Java, Oracle, XML, Object-Oriented Design and Programming.. I have also presented a paper entitled â€Å"Cryptography† at Parikaran 2K7 – a National level technical fest. My predominant research interests have evolved into three categories that I believe are interconnected. The three areas of interest are Computer networks, Distributed systems and Information Security. I would be very eager to work in any of these areas or interrelated areas like Networking or Distributed Systems along with Information Security. I worked as a teaching assistant for juniors in C, C++ and Oracle programming. The teaching experience has helped me to communicate articulately and interact effectively with diversity of peers. During the last two years, besides the college academics I spent most of my time attending a number of extra-curricular workshops, seminars and conferences in different fields of computer science. I look forward to a career in research where I cannot only use my academic background to achieve my research goals but also make original contributions to my field of interest. I believe that graduate studies would provide me with the opportunities to attend advanced courses and would be the stepping-stone to my career in research. University of North Carolina at Charlotte suits my research interests because of its advanced academic curriculum and world-class research groups. I believe that it is the best environment for me to achieve my goals while gaining experience and exposure to a diverse student body and faculty. I believe that no other school provides students with the combination of culture, education and research environment, required for an overall personality development, as offered by your institution. Summarizing all written above, I believe that my serious intention for study, my projects, my certifications and strong academic background in various areas of Computer Science will be beneficial for my graduate studies and research. Attending your prestigious institution would give me an opportunity to receive high-level education under the guidance of prominent professors and excellent teachers. I would regard my admission to University of North Carolina at Charlotte not only as a great honor but also as a great responsibility and challenge to prove myself. Thank you for your time and consideration. High Regards, {NAME}. While reasoning my intentions to pursue MS in Computer Science at Oklahoma State University I would like to throw some light on my career till now, I always fancied myself with Computers right from my childhood and thought of becoming a Software Engineer got implanted in my mind at an early age. A career in Engineering seemed the most challenging and logical extension of my abilities. I was given training in the basics of the operation and the applications of the computers during my school days. From that day onwards until the 10th standard I was constantly being taught different concepts of computer in different levels. The various concepts that I am thorough with, in school, are Word, QBasic and C Fundamentals. Science has been my favorable subject right from my school days and has always been one among the toppers of my class. I have even represented my school in many competitions. I have been the member of the quiz team of our school that has won many competitions. After my higher secondary I was determined to secure for myself a position in the Information Technology field, which deals with the areas of Computers, Communications and Networks. To accomplish this I had to qualify in the EAMCET Entrance Exam for Andhra Pradesh, India. I secured a good rank in the examination and secured a seat in Computer Science Engineering in V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College, Affiliated to Nagarjuna University. At VRSEC I had the good fortune of having a well-compiled syllabus, which placed equal emphasis on theoretical fundamentals as well as practical applications. Subjects such as Computer organization, Digital Logic Design, Microprocessor Applications laid a solid foundation in the theoretical aspects of the subjects. Practical application aspects were introduced to me through subjects such as Object Oriented Programming concepts, Data Structures, Relational Database Management Systems, Internet technologies. The areas, which are of special interest to me centered on Computer communications, Software Engineering, E-Commerce applications. I am interested in learning more about encryption and artificial intelligence. My interest in Networks began when I read about the various application fields it could be used, in the Information Technology magazine. I am a regular reader of magazines such as IEEE-spectrum, potentials, chip, computer networks, and computer today, which enabled me to be in touch with the latest developments in information technology. At VRSEC I had the opportunity to interact with some of the best professors in our region. I had the opportunity to do alive project in BPL Mobile Ltd. Coimbattore and project title is Mobile High Usage Roaming Alert and the project is being implemented by the company people right now and the project is done in VB and Oracle. The next step in my career towards achieving my career goal is to pursue my Masters Program in Computer Science. I have done considerable research in this area to pursue my Higher education in a reputed University and with a good course curriculum. I found about the education in USA and its recognition. I have therefore applied to the OSU in USA. Also with some advice from my college senior who are in various colleges in USA I have opted for this College. The course MS in Computer Science. The course has been designed to give me insight into the world of academic and industrial computing research. By focusing on several currently active areas it affords me the opportunity to gain an in-depth understanding of the topics of the course and in doing so, to develop the skills necessary to carry out innovative work with in the discipline of computing. I strongly believe that a software engineer should be instinctive, innovative, quick to adapt and adopt new technologies, which is only possible with solid foundation and profundity in his subjects. This entails and insightful and thorough understanding of the intricacies of the subject. That’s the reason why I am inclined towards MS in Computer Science. I am sure that with my interaction with the faculty and peers at your college will provide an ambience conducive for my transition from an undergraduate to a graduate. It is my strong belief that graduation from this institution will take me close to achieving my ultimate goal of becoming an efficient software engineer. While my sights are firmly set on graduation, it is my strong desire to pursue research program following my graduation. Computing Science plays an ever-increasing role in today’s society. Technological innovation has been one of the driving forces behind India’s rapid growth. It is therefore essential that every opportunity be afforded to talented Indian graduates to extend their education and skills in order to play an active role in managing the opportunities presented in the future. India is fast gaining a reputation for its computer industry and at the moment it is regarded as the centre for Software and as a result many of the top notch Multinational Corporations are establishing their contact centers in India. As a result an International Degree is focused to meet employment  opportunities with in the computing industry in India. Possible career opportunities for me in India include research and development roles in the development of new technologies such as software engineering, technical applications developers and consultants, network managers and other leading roles in computing industry. A fascination for Science & Technology and keen interest in the ever-growing world of technology motivated me to take up engineering. I choose to major in Electrical& Electronic Engineering with an intense urge to delve into the challenging field. During my under graduation program I learned the various fundamentals of Electrical& Electronics Engineering which together with practical course work reinforce interest. Right from my school, I had a penchant towards Mathematics, Science and research in general. This basic interest led me to take up Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry as my major subjects in high school. As a part of my Physics project, I had constructed logic gates and simple latches using basic circuit elements. I was so astounded by the Power of Electrical & Electronics. This interest made me to take Electrical& Electronic Engineering. I would like to present my past performance as my credentials for my success in my future endeavors. My innate strength has been my quantitative and analytical abilities which instilled me a special interest for mathematical and physics. I had opted the same in my 10+2 with good marks. I was placed in the top 15% of one lakh who took engineering entrance examination. This performance helped me in getting admission into Sri Saradhi Institute of Engineering, Nuzvid, India. During the course of my undergraduate study I was exposed to various courses with applications like Electromagnetic field, Control systems, Power electronic, Electrical measurements, Linear Integrated Circuits, Electronics, Pulse and digital circuits, Computer methods in power system control, Digital Signal Processing, Power systems(1to 3), Electro mechanics(1 to 3) Micro processors & Micro Controllers, High voltage engineering, Modeling of power system components, Utilization of electrical energy enhanced my subject. I secured good results in my engineering. I was well versed in programming languages like C, C++ & Java. During my final year I decided to do project in Machine cutting using micro controller. From my kinder garden my medium of instruction is English. I had written GRE and got 1060 score, which adds to my English language proficiency. Excellence in any sphere of life can be achieved trough determination, hard work, preference and dedication. Yet lack of in depth knowledge of the subject leaves the conceptual skills incomplete. It in this concept that I would like to pursue a course that control system in your esteemed university. I am very much interested to do MS Computer Science in your esteemed college. I realize the need for me to study at the center stage of activity in these fields at your college in USA. My earnest desire to continue my future studies at your graduate school stems from that it is one of the top colleges in Ireland having fine record of academic excellence and is backed up by expert faculty and research facilities. The other reason why I want to study at your esteemed college is that it provides the kind of expose needed to broaden my thinking and indo any insular prejudices that might be still prevalent in me. Your college is a confluence of people from every nationality, religion and race. Overall development of the personality can be done and it helps me to broaden my concept from the narrower confines of nationalism to internationalism. I am clear as to my carrier aspiration. Educational I believe is a life long process. I there fore wish to pursue a doctoral degree after my MS and therefore combine research and teaching as carrier. I am fully aware that yours curriculum requires that I summon all my resources and I aver that I have the necessary commitment, intelligence and stamina to look forward to do it all. I am convinced that my study at your department would be meaningful and rewarding experience. I look forward to have a long and profitable association with your esteemed college. I especially thank you for giving me the opportunity given me to express about myself. Name : ******** Program Sought: MASTERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Semester Sought: Fall 2012. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE There is a very famous adage, â€Å"If you think education is expensive, and then try ignorance†. I could not agree more. I believe research is necessary to acquire data and formulate theories, but it is just as important to know how to apply those theories and use that data in the real world. To be competent and competitive I will require a master’s degree. A master’s degree will give me the up-to-date tools and knowledge that is the need of the hour. It is after a good deal of self-evaluation that I have decided to pursue graduate studies.

Case Analysis Giant Theatres - 2701 Words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Summary of the Case In July 2006, Goliath entered an exclusive contract with Giant Theatres Inc. This contract granted the rights, license, and permission to display â€Å"Kombat Rex I-V†. In March 2007, Goliath Productions received a notice from Giant Theatres Inc. that â€Å"all monies previously paid were to be returned or they would file a lawsuit.† In Giant’s letter, they included a newspaper clipping from a movie theatre in Toronto, Canada that was advertising the â€Å"Kombat Rex Series† for showing the second week of February 2007. Summary of the Analysis According to the legal analysis of the contract between Goliath Productions and Giant Theatres, there are strong indications that there was a contract breach. Even though there was strong indications of a contract breach, Abrams Advisory Group did financial analyses of the contract for the fiscal year 2006. First, the expected minimum revenue for the Giant Theatres contract is $32,075,000. Second, by using G.A.A.P., the revenue recognized for the fiscal year of 2006 is $8,795,833. Third, the cash-flow recognized for the fiscal year 2006 is $5,000,000. Summary of Course of Action On the legal analysis of the contract between Goliath Productions and Giant Theatres, Abrams Advisory Group have found that Goliath Productions breached the contract. We would suggest to settle the case out of court by returning the last months’ worth of contractual fees back to Giant Theatres. CASE FACTS Goliath Productions isShow MoreRelatedKrispy Kreme Doughnuts1376 Words   |  6 PagesCompany also accomplishes off-premises sales through its direct store delivery system. Krispy Kreme s success has left many in awe. This case will talk about how Krispy Kreme has been so successful using internal and external analyses and will also take a look at its competitors. Financial reports will be used as a benchmark to measure success. The analysis will focus on product diversification as a measure of securing market position and sustaining a competitive advantage. Strengths: 1Read MoreThe Case Of Riley Mahan Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesRiley Mahan was reportedly born on 1/26/1997 in Ventura, California to the intact union of Kevin and Kathleen Mahan. Mr. Mahan, the elder, worked as the director of theatre lighting at the Shakespeare Theatre in Washington, D.C. before his death in January 2016. The defendant’s mother, Mrs. Mahan, also worked in the theatre business as a stage manager for several years. The defendant is the oldest of two sons born to the Mahans. 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Ctu History 101 Ip3 - 1029 Words

Modern American History: 1950 to the 21st Century (HIST101) Colorado Technical University For this project I am going to discuss two different articles about President Richard Nixon and the Watergate scandal. The first article is â€Å"The Washington Post Editorial Watergate: The unfinished business.† The other article that I will be discussing and comparing is one written by Dean Burch. â€Å"In Defense of Richard Nixon.† I will provide a brief summary of the two arguments as well as describe how the Watergate events changed American views in politics and politicians. I will also speculate how the events could have been different if the media and population during the Watergate scandal had today’s technology, an example being smart phones,†¦show more content†¦Nixon. It was clearly a ‘painful decision’ for the Tribunes editors, most of whom know the president personally† (1974, May 14). This statement is based on the fact that the Chicago Tribune’s Editorial was calling for the president to leave the office due to the Watergate affair. What was also mentioned was the fact that most if not all of the editors knew the president personally, and it appears that they were all on board to quickly to impeach the president. Dean Burch goes on to report, mostly in Nixon’s defense, that the president faces many decisions every day that affect all the lives in America, and he made the correct decision to open a full investigation into the Watergate scandal. One key question is also brought up: â€Å"Did Richard Nixon do wrong?† (1974, May 14). From reading this article it appears that the writer was looking at what the president was thinking and doing as a whole, not just speculate and ridicule him on just one topic. The article also references that â€Å"Like all good presidents, he is not perfect† (1974, May 14), by that statement if is clear that there were many other aspects of the situation that was not being recognized by the Chicago Tribune. Based on the two articles the Watergate events changed American views towards politics and politicians. One way that I view the differences is that

Racial Inequality - 1108 Words

Black Americans have a history rooted in the struggle for equality and recognition as members of the American society. Over time, since the creation of the Constitution, blacks have continued to search for their role in America and have gained some formal standards for the black race. Although at the framing of the Constitution, blacks were not given the regard as citizens or even whole people, time progressed and gave way to opportunities to acquire legal aid in the crusade for racial equality. With the ability to utilize the court system, its formalities, and ultimately its power to enact national laws, blacks were able to win civil rights litigations, thus making advancements as a race. Black American s allegiance to the court†¦show more content†¦Education is necessary to attain financial stability and independence. If blacks are lacking the education needed to secure the careers that will ensure financial gain, they cannot remove themselves from the lower bracket of the economic ladder. Economics allow for property ownership and thus gives them a chance to acquire the same rights as their white counterparts. The Constitution would then be able to apply to blacks because they are now in the same position as the framers. Once education and economics have been acquired, these two factors allow for entrance into the political arena. It is in the political arena that one has influence upon decision-making and which laws are put into effect. If blacks can began to be more involved in the political process by actually securing and maintaining political positions, my belief is that the laws will no longer need to be changed due to the equality and thus the ability to apply them fairly to all races. In conclusion, Marx would point out the class struggle. I feel the underlying factor to racial inequality stems from the lack of proper positioning in the major functions of society. As it stands, whites make up the majority of the higher class. The higher class works to maintain their position on the class ladder. If whites were in danger ofShow MoreRelatedRacial Inequality Is A Multidimensional Problem Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagesbe a lot older, controlled, and oppressed.    Racial inequality is a multidimensional problem in America. If the problem was simply minorities in America are less well off than their white counterparts, the problem could have been solved long ago. This narrative isn’t about racial inequality, its root causes, or its solutions; yet racial inequality plays a central role in that night’s events to the point where it should be mentioned. 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Yet, many times, it does not register in one’s mind that even though this may be true, there is a type of racism that we all have experienced, which has stemmed from the beginning of time- called unconscious racism. Race is a socialRead MoreRacial Housing Inequality : The Great Migration1534 Words   |  7 PagesRacial Housing Inequality History It was 1947, eight years before Mississippi lynched Emmett Till. The Great Migration was a mass exodus of six million African Americans out of the South that spanned most of the 20th century. Blacks did not journey north seeking better wages and work. Rather, they were fleeing the acquisitive warlords of the South. They were seeking the protection of the law. From the 1930-60s Blacks across the country had no access to legitimate home mortgages. This happened throughRead MoreIssues Involving Racial Inequality in Society Today511 Words   |  2 PagesIn today’s society there are many issues involving racial inequality. 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Current events and experiences demonstrate moreover that racial inequality is still adamantRead MoreRacial Inequality797 Words   |  4 PagesRacial inequality is regrettably imbedded in the history of the United States. Americans like to think of the American colonies as the start or founding of the quest for freedom, initially, the ending of religious oppression and later political and economic liberty. Yet, fr om the start, the fabric of American society was equally founded on brutal forms of supremacy, inequality and oppression which involved the absolute denial of freedom for slaves. This is one of the great paradoxes of American history

Individual Research Paper for Global Perspectives free essay sample

The single biggest environmental environmental and humanitarian crisis of our time. The Earths atmosphere is overloaded with heat-trapping carbon dioxide, which threatens large-scale disruptions in climate with disastrous consequences’ (nrdc. org). Climate change has been a natural phenomenon happening for centuries, for example, the different seasons during times of the year. However, ever since the industrialization and urbanization of the world, CO2 levels recorded by NASA, Gapminder, and EPA has evidently shown the drastic increase. So much so that Al Gore, a famous politician and activist in America, made a film called The Inconvenient Truth, showcasing the direct impact humans have on the earth. According to National Geographic, the problem which causes heat to be trapped in the atmosphere are the gas emissions. Several gases are generalized under the greenhouse gases title. Greenhouse gases include CO2 from fossil fuels and deforestation, Methane created from pastoral processes and unhealthy waste management, Nitrous Oxide essentially formed from the use of fertilizers, and Fluorinated gases generally in accordance with industrial methods (epa. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Research Paper for Global Perspectives or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page gov). Source: IPCC (2007) Additionally, with every cause, there are effects, these effects are ambiguous, ranging from melting ice caps to evolving ecosystems to floods. To process discovery. oms article, the main effects of global warming are: rising of sea levels everywhere, due to the heat which melts ice caps and glaciers; heat waves; storms and floods created as a result of escalated temperatures atmospherically and ocean-wise; droughts; diseases infrequent waves of â€Å"disease-carrying creatures† triggered by the warm temperatures; economic consequences; war; biodiversity and ecosystem detriment. The causes of global warming accumulative greenhouse gases have large impacts on the environment and ultimately shape the way we live, as there are innumerable effects evolved from global warming. Not only do the ways we live affect global warming now, but also affect our future circumstances. Gapminder. org show statistics of CO2 emissions since 1820’s, where every person emitted less than 3 tons of CO2 per year. Up till 2011, the highest CO2 emission per person goes up to 21 tons annually. The country that emitted the most was China, which each person emitted 6. 8 tons per year, and the yearly rate of total CO2 emitted was 9. 11 million tons from the burning of fossil fuels. The rate of carbon dioxide emissions sky-rocketed as a result from the burning of fossil fuels. This may have been due to the industrialization and modernization of the world, but we have crossed the line by far. The knowledge of this is crucial carbon dioxide traps heat at the atmosphere and is a main cause of global warming. If we carry on in our current situation, emitting perilous greenhouse gases through deforestation, burning fossil fuels, utilizing fertilizers and other harmful agricultural activities, all effects currently caused by global warming will proliferate and many components of the environment will fluctuate. National Geographic affirms such predictions that â€Å"sea levels are expected to rise between 7 and 23 inches by the end of the century†; â€Å"floods and droughts will become more common†, an example is the rainfall in Ethiopia, which â€Å"could decline by 10 percent over the next 50 years†; fresh water will become a scarce, â€Å"if the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru continues to melt at it’s current rate, it will be gone by 2100, leaving thousands of people who rely on it for drinking water and electricity without a source of either†; severe storms and hurricanes are anticipated; and ecosystems will metamorphose, which may result in the fluctuating breeding of creatures, shown from concurrent trends of skinny polar bears ever since the ice has been melting approximately the 1980’s. As claimed by NASAs climate change site, the Arctic sea ice has been losing 12% per decade, In 2012, Arctic summer sea ice reached its lowest extent on record; carbon dioxide concentrations are at their highest in 650,000 years; the global average sea level has risen 4-8 inches over the past century, rising 3. 8mm per year; the global temperature rises at a 1. 5? F on average, ever since 1880, and that January 2000 to December 2009 was the warmest decade on record; Greenland loses 100 billion tons of land ice per year, Greenland Ice loss doubled between 1996 and 2005. The importance of this Greenland ice sheet, is that it mainly determines the sea level on a global scale, If melted completely, the Greenland ice sheet contains enough water to raise sea level by 5-7 meters. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S EPA) states that the dominating constituent of global warming is us. We are accountable for most of what the earth is going through at the current moment. This is true, as we release copious quantities of greenhouse gases from industrial systems, burning fossil fuels and non-renewable resources, an example shown from China. Moreover, IPCC reports that the consumption of fossil fuels accounts for 56. 6% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gases. This means that the fossil fuels we burn for energy make up 56. 6% of all human emissions of greenhouse gases. Consequently, global lifestyle has impacted the world on a scale that is much larger than ourselves. It has and will cause more harm than good. The vast amounts of greenhouse gases accumulated during the several past decades have begun to show its true colors. The phenomenal statistics have revealed to us that if our careless acts persist throughout the decades, the world will eventually be a melting pot of damaged waste. As the difference of the amount of CO2 emitted had increased greatly, and the effects of this has flourished throughout the world, it is without a doubt that global warming is one of the main issues we must deal with. Nationally, in May 2011, Los Angeles was rated the second most polluted city out of 24 cities (citymayors. com), due to the ozone and air pollution, and many citizens suffer asthma and other health hazardous problems because of the pollution. Also, mnn. om states that LA Long Beach Riverside was â€Å"ranked #3 in long term particle pollution, #1 in ozone pollution and #4 in short term particle pollution†. The problem may be arising from the vast usage of cars, coal fired power plants w hich consumes more energy and electricity etc. According to sciencedaily. com, Dr. Weaver mentions that â€Å"Air pollution shortens lifespan, it lands our children and elderly in emergency rooms, and it can make children and teens more vulnerable to lung disease for the rest of their lives. † We need to stop this environmental threat. How to we prevent global warming? How have people began to take action? What can we do to switch the life-threatening statistics? Through our healthy lifestyles and courses of action on a personal, national, and global basis. A healthy lifestyle refers to an individuals role to prevent global warming, incorporating complete physical, mental, and social well-being (WHO), with actions and using the initiative to achieve optimum health (healthylifestyleliving. com), achieving optimum health for yourself and the environment. Firstly, on a global and national scale, modern technology such as low energy products, environmentally friendly systems, and green producers have begun and been able to reduce CO2 emissions. Some low energy products made by Imtech, a European technical service provider for innovative technology, involve public LED lighting which has already been established in more than 100 European cities, cuts energy consumption by 30 to 70%; green petabyte data centers from efficient and low energy as possible to achieve electricity savings of up to 30% (imtech. eu). Green producers include manufacturers of renewable energy hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal and bio-energy. For example, SEIA (Solar Energy Industries Association), an industry that manufactures and installs solar panels residentially, non-residentially, and for utility, installed 1032. 7 Megawatts of solar in California in 2012, which is enough to power 626,000 houses. Moreover, statistics show (seia. org) that the U. S now has over 7,700 MW of installed solar electric capacity, enough to power more than 1. 2 million American households (seia. org). This is a great solution to using renewable energy, as solar panels are installed for land, water, and hazardous materials (ususa. org). Also, as SEIAs solar panels are installed residentially, non-residentially, and for utility, this improves the environments energy consumption, decreasing the use of fossil fuels and non renewable energies. Another example of green technology are the wind power installations. The American Wind Energy Associations quarterly market report calculated that 13,124 MW was installed in 2012, and in total, the U. S possesses 60,000 megawatts of wind capacity, enough to power around 15 million homes (online. wsj. com). The U. S had its big break in 2012, with numerous installations of green technology implemented. As it is one of the worlds largest economies (cnn. com), it is influential and if they continue to take these courses of actions, the CO2 emissions will begin to reduce as they replace fossil fuels with renewable energy. In reference to my research of modern technology on reducing CO2 emissions, if we continue to put into effect these products and installations, I believe it would reduce the amount of CO2 emitted, which would then slowly accumulate to reverse global warming. The aims for these products are to save energy and reduce CO2 emissions. These installations do, and if CO2 continues to be reduced globally and nationally, the world may not become a melting point after all. Secondly, from a personal perspective, daily routines and lifestyles which have already been applied can be used to reduce individuals carbon footprints. To begin with, the LA County Residential Recycling Program website provides courses of action for individuals to engage sustainability in their daily lives. Four factors they focus on are: Reducing, Reusing, Recycling and Rethinking. Some courses of action they have taken locally are: reusing disposable shopping bags, plastic bottles, fabric softener sheets, house items in general; reducing waste-potential products in the kitchen, garages, gardens choosing products without individual packaging, setting up a compost bin, bringing canvas/tote bags to supermarkets; Moreover, the concepts they use ultimately begin with â€Å"Rethink† rethinking what they throw away and minimizing the waste, including their Conversion Technology providing renewable energy and other green products from the conversion of reusable waste. In Hong Kong, pollution leading to global warming is a very large and conflicted situation. Air quality varies in different areas of Hong Kong, because mass amounts of cars and other vehicles’ diesel fumes are being concentrated in one small area especially during traffic times and congestion in tunnels that generate air pollution through unhealthy diesel or oil and unsustainable engines. In reference to the chart below, evidence shows that the roadside pollution has heightened greatly, and in 2011, approximately 170 days in a year exceeded API (air pollution index) of 100. According to the EPD of Hong Kong (epd. gov. hk), this was due to the Nitrogen Dioxide at roadsides which had increased by 23%. Although this factor had caused the API to increase, other main air pollutants had dropped in 2011 Sulphur Dioxide by 56%, nitrogen oxides by 28% and others. Courses of action the government has committed to reduce and improve the air pollution are by reducing vehicle emissions by subsidizing new buses and financing trials for green and advanced transport technology, available to the public sector. Furthermore, not only is the outdoor air pollution a predominant issue in Hong Kong, but also indoor air quality. The Hong Kong EPD states it is a growing concern. One of the ways the government has intervened with this was implementing the Statutory Non-Smoking areas in Hong Kong, mainly indoors (tco. gov. k). Also, gov. hk advises residents to save energy at home switching off energy-consuming products, cleaning air conditioner filters and maintaining moderate ventilation in order to maintain health. If Hong Kong continues its unhealthy lifestyle without taking beneficial action what would it look like? To begin with, the air pollution would fluctuate, as shown in the chart above, the ever-deteriorating air quality will worsen. Secondly, more children and the elderly would begin to fall ill due to the inadequate air quality, which may even cause deaths. This is affirmed if additional smokers and non renewable consuming diesel increase. As studies claim from the EPA smoking website, passive smoking is worse than primarily breathing it in, and it may also induce lung cancer; also the instability for children’s health, second hand smoking may cause lung diseases such as asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis etc. These are clearly unhealthy and may even cause the risk of deaths per year in Hong Kong to increase [slowly but effectively] which may retain people from coming to Hong Kong. Moreover, in the discussion about Hong Kong’s pollution (bbc), a concern which has been recognized by the government is to change the type of engines used in diesel-powered vehicles that emits harmful pollutants. This means if more and more harmful pollutants enter the atmosphere, contributing to global warming, extensive diseases and health would be immutable. Contrastingly, if everybody in Hong Kong took individual steps to benefit the environment by reducing, reusing, recycling and rethinking the waste and energies we use, we would be able to ameliorate our environment. Green Living from National Geographic advises us to do the following globally: 1. Reduce fossil fuel use, 2. Plant trees, 3. Reduce Waste, 4. Conserve water. What does that look like for an individual? Cutting down energy consumption, through saving electricity by using energy-efficient appliances and compact fluorescent light bulbs (greenliving. nationalgeographic. com), utilzing renewable energies such as solar and wind energy, and hydropower. Planting trees may be substituted to planting vegetation, for the exchange of CO2 to oxygen, in ones backyard or around ones house. Thirdly, reducing waste as an individual ranges from food to materialistic waste, for example, reducing the amount you eat in order to not waste any excess food, or to have a compost bin, and recycling recyclable materials paper, metal, plastic. Finally, conserving water on a personal level requires switching off taps during non-utilization states, quicker showers to not waste water, collecting rainwater for house-plants. Personally, my family, friends and I, continue contributing to preserving our natural environment. Courses of action my family and I has taken are recycling office-paper; printing double sided; recycling plastic bottles; boxes and bags; using canvas bags instead of supermarket-provided plastic bags; switching off our lights when it is not being used; take quick showers; using water bottles from home; we use energy saving lights and an high-energy saving refrigerator; grow small plants by our window sill. Some strategies my friends have taken to conserve our environment include walking to school; taking public transport; using fans instead of air-conditioners at home; working with recycling organizations in the neighborhood in Canada; doing beach visits to pick up the trash washed up on shore.