China and WHO essays

China and WHO essays This essay was written for the Model United Nations (MUN) application at the American School of Doha, Qatar, by Hossein Moshfeghian in the 01-02 schoolyear. The debate over Chinas human rights violation has been an ongoing issue in the international communities for the past decade. One way to show the international communitys disapproval of the human rights violations in China that comes to mind would be to prevent it from joining international organizations, such as the World Health Organization. However, due to the nature and role of the World Health Organization, and the nature of Chinese politics, government, and social atmosphere, I strongly recommend Chinas acceptance to the World Health Organization, despite the countrys supposed human rights violations. The following support my argument. First, the situation of human rights in China needs to be examined. According to the US Department of State, The People's Republic of China (PRC) is an authoritarian state in which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the paramount source of power. At the national and regional levels, party members hold almost all top government, police, and military positions. Ultimate authority rests with members of the Politburo. Leaders stress the need to maintain stability and social order and are committed to perpetuating the rule of the CCP and its hierarchy. Citizens lack the freedom to express peacefully opposition to the party-led political system and the right to change their national leaders or form of government. This view is shared by most western nations and many other countries throughout the world. Even assuming this view to be completely factual and accurate still does not justify a refusal to admit China into the World Health Organization. The World Health Organization is a special agency of the United Nations with a goal of improving the level of health of all people worldwide. It was established for the benefi...

Bibliography

Bibliography As you put the finishing touches on your research paper or business report, youll want to begin compiling your bibliography. During the writing process, you will use the parenthetical citations as outlined in the APA style manual. For each source you cite, you will need to include it in your list of works cited at the end of the paper. Click Here For Our Recommended Site About Bibliographies! The Importance of Listing Sources Why are bibliographies so important, anyhow? Most of us throw them together hastily just before we print out our papers. However, they are often the most important part of your paperthe proof for each APA style citation, and the basis on which you built your paper. How to Compile Your Bibliography Creating your bibliography has never been easier than it is when using the APA writing style. You simply list the texts alphabetically, by authors last names. You include the title of the text, publication information, and page numbers used. Making Bibliographies Easier with Software You simply choose which type of publication you are entering, and the software provides the formatting. In fact, at the end of your paper, you can simply use the citations youve made to generate an instant, alphabetized bibliography! You wont believe how easy it has become to create a flawless bibliography in seconds.

Control Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Control - Coursework Example Open and honest communication will open the door to stronger relationships as they control their employees. In order to nurture staff members to a higher performance level requires a manager to lead and control them to the p[lace of stronger relationships as well as trust. this will create high employee engagement through which they care deeply about their work and feel like part of the team. Employees are brought into the greater vision enabling them to bring their unique strengths to the work. The employees will feel like the company values their work, cares about them, and has their best interest in mind. Open communication is a culture that encourages employees to share their concerns and ideas making the feel valued (Sims, 2006: 282). This will lead to happy employees, and happy employees are often the most productive employees. Secondly, a manager needs to be a good listener so as to find out what their employees are thinking or facing. This will help in establishing and reinforcing a â€Å"we† spirit within the organization (Sims, 2006: 282). This in turn creates an effective and efficient method for collaboration as well as sharing of ideas. This will increase the productivity as very successful organization takes the coordinated efforts of all their employees (Armstrong & Armstrong, 2009: 226). In addition, the employees will maintain the focus on the overall mission of the organization thus improving the overall effectiveness. Thirdly, the manager should provide consistent as well as regular feedback by letting every employee know the outcomes whether bad or good. This will help in establishing trust by being open, honest, and forthright regarding the rewards as well as challenges of the organization. Good communication of consistent and regular feedback is vital in keeping all employees on track (Armstrong & Armstrong, 2009: 226). This will encourage

Primate Social Behavior Tell Us About Human Evolution Essay

Primate Social Behavior Tell Us About Human Evolution - Essay Example As the groups grow and divide the relationship equation changes at various levels. The leaders need to prove themselves in their body strengths as well as should have the ability so that members of the group follow him. The relationship between people increased with their need to stay together for hunting. When primates started staying together various things got invented, as rightly quoted necessity is the mother of invention. The social structures, needs of leaders and followers, distribution of labor and responsibilities based on age, sex and bodily strengths, language and communication methods and many other things developed. Different cultures have different characteristics. The study of various cultures comes under ethnography. Culture can be defined as the social heritage of human society where social behavior is based on certain norms and rules. Each member of the society needs to abide by these norms and rules. These have an impact on individual and collective behaviors of people. Social behavior has become complex in today’s complex social structure. Social behavior as indicates is the way people live together and communicate with each other. Various biologist and anthropologist have described and explained culture and society differently. Culture and society are different in the modern human society and historical primate’s society. This is the factor which distinguishes the human and nonhuman societies. E. B. Tylor defined human culture as "capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society".

Us Dollar Movements In 2008 Essay Example for Free

Us Dollar Movements In 2008 Essay The U. S dollar is the most widely used currency in the world in terms of trade and foreign exchange reserves. The US dollar is susceptible to many factors e. g. political, economic as well as financial market forces and therefore fluctuates overtime (Intercontinental Exchange Inc, 2009). The assessment of the movements in the US dollar is tracked by the US Dollar index USDX which is basically a chart showing the value of the US Dollar against the major world currencies. These major currencies are the EUN (EUR), Japanese Yen (JPY), Sterling pound (GBP), Canadian dollar (CAD), Swedish Kroner (SEK) and the Swiss Franc (CHF). The dollar index is calculated as a geometric progression weighted average of the six currencies rates against the US Dollar value relative to 1973 (base year) when the index was launched. Therefore this means that the current rate of the US Dollar index shows the average dollar value compared to 1973 which is the base year (Intercontinental Exchange Inc, 2009). Factors affecting US dollar Index over the past one year The performance of the US dollar against the basket of other major currencies (which form the biggest chunk of US trading partners) as measured by the Dollar Index is affected by many factors key among them economic, political and even financial market news. Therefore the trend in the dollar index can be an indication of the state of the economy and financial market. Economic factors The state of the US economy and the major countries around the world affects the movement of the dollar against world major currencies. An example is an economic indicator like home sales. In April this year, the home sales done released indicated that the home sales were higher than predicted. This news boosted the dollar against major currencies hence moving the dollar index previous recorded levels as witnessed in the figure 1 below (DeCarbonnel, 2009). In late 2008, the subprime mortgage crisis resulted in lack of liquidity in the financial markets which led to the credit which as we know today. The dollar index increased during this period as a result of declining factors in the financial market. The other factor that has affected the dollar index over the past year is the widening US deficit resulting from the continued borrowing by way of selling US treasuries. The US government uses the funds to fund war in Iraq and Afghanistan among other pressing issues. The US deficit has substantially grown over the recent past to an extent that the countries debt ratings were at risk. Currently the US debt rating is Aaa according to Moody’s. The fear of credit rating downgrade reduced the value of the dollar against major currencies (TheLFB-Forex, 2009). Financial factors The ballooning current account deficit was a result of buying US securities by foreign investors but now with the dollar threatening the domestic currencies of these nations they have been forced to sell off the US held assets and this will definitely affect the price of the dollar. The deficit also has the effect of weakening the dollar value and thus affects the movement of the dollar index (Randall, 2009). The selling off of treasuries will also affect the dollar in that the government will be forced to print the equivalent dollar amount if they lack a buyer in order to honor the pledge made in the treasuries. The other factor that has affected the dollar index is the continued acceptance of gold in place of the dollar. The increase in the price of gold leads to a decline in the value of the dollar. Inflation as a result of pumping a lot of money into the economy may lead to high demand for commodities e. g. gold as explained earlier on, the higher the price of gold the lower the value of the dollar as shown in figure 2 (marketoracle, 2009). The other factor that may have played a bigger part in the trend witnessed of the US dollar is that of lack of confidence wit the US dollar as the major foreign reserve currency. In fact some countries like China and Brazil are contemplating establishing a currency that is more stable. Lack of confidence is shown by the wayward performance of the dollar index. Political factors The domestic problem in the US i. e. economical and social programs announced by the new president, stimulus package, bailout of banks and also companies, programs such as Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), war in Iraq and Afghanistan are just some of the factors that have pressurized the value of the US dollar. All these programs need resources which are basically raised by selling treasuries (marketoracle, 2009). Conclusion The movement witnessed in the dollar index over the past one year has not only been attributed to the above mentioned factors but also due to the market fundamentals which keep on changing from time to time although to a large extent, the dollar index has been affected by the credit crisis in the financial market which has led to the slowing down of the world economy.Figure 1. (marketoracle, 2009) Figure 2. (marketoracle, 2009) References DeCarbonnel, E. (2009, January 2nd). Ten Major Threats facing the US Dollar in 2009. Retrieved May 26th, 2009, from market skeptics: http://www. marketskeptics. com Intercontinental Exchange Inc. (2009, May 25th). US Dollar Index Futures. Retrieved May 26th, 2009, from Intercontinental Exchange Inc: https://www. theice. com/productguide/ProductDetails. stripes? specId=194 marketoracle. (2009, May 24th). Stock Market Trend Confusion and US Dollar crackdown. Retrieved May 25th, 2009, from marketoracle: http://www. marketoracle. co. uk/Article10869. html Randall, F. W. (2009, May 21st). Gains from the Greenbacks pain. Retrieved May 26th, 2009, from Barrons: http://online. barrons. com/article/SB124285469500340755. html TheLFB-Forex. (2009, May 09th). Dollar Index Review: Post Stress Test. Retrieved May 25th, 2009, from TheLFB-Forex. com: http://www. TheLFB-Forex. com

Free Essay on Plant Imagery in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter:   Plant Imagery    Throughout the novel, Hawthorne uses plant imagery to symbolize both the negative and positive character traits and to set the mood of the novel. The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne takes place during the age of Puritanism in Boston where a young and attractive Puritan woman, Hester, commits adultery with the Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale. Chillingworth, Hester’s husband, who had been captured by Indians, comes to town, but only Hester knows his true identity. Chillingworth vows to figure out who Hester’s lover is and he succeeds. Ultimately, this novel contains deception and guilt which is in the form of plant imagery. Hawthorne uses many different negative variations of plant imagery to illustrate his ideas. First of all, living plant life, portraying the torturing of Dimmesdale by Chillingworth, remains evident throughout the novel. For example, when Chillingworth went to the forest to gather herbs he â€Å"dug up roots and plucked off twigs from the forest trees† (111) which symbolizes how Chillingworth was â€Å"plucking† the life out of Dimmesdale limb by limb. Also, Hawthorne describes grass as pure and without weeds to kill the grass; however, â€Å"when poor Mr. Dimmesdale was thinking of his grave, he questioned with himself whether the grass would ever grow on it, because an accursed thing must there be buried† (131). In addition, weeds symbolize secrecy and the impurity of society. During Chillingworth and Dimmesdale’s covert discussion about â€Å"the powers of nature call[ing] so earnestly for the confession of sin,[and discussing] that these black weeds have sprung up out of a buried heart, to make manifest an unspoken crime† (120) illustrates the idea of weeds filling the heart with sin and guilt. Moreover, â€Å"the black flower of civilized society† (45-46) refers to the Puritans’ harsh attitude towards sinners as they view Hester’s punishment. Most importantly, the imagery used with leaves allows for different interpretations. â€Å"Thou shalt forgive me! cried Hester, flinging herself on the fallen leaves beside him [Dimmesdale]† (178) illustrates that Hester begs nature’s forgiveness for her sin by falling on the leaves. Similarly, Hester â€Å"threw it [the scarlet letter] to a distance among the withered leaves,† (185) for that instant, her guilty conscience was dying along with the withering leaves. Although Hawthorne uses a great deal of negative plant imagery, the positive plant imagery balances the two. Initially, moss symbolizes the hardships that Hester and Dimmesdale have endured.

Parenting Styles and Prosocial Behavior Essay

Parents often play a large role in the development of their son’s or daughter’s morality, social behavior, education, habits, and many other areas. Therefore, parents contain tremendous power when it comes to shaping their offspring. Due to this tremendous amount of power, researchers had an inclination that certain parenting styles have effect on their child’s BMI. The evidence found in the study suggests that there is a possible relation between the type of parenting styles and the fluctuation of their children’s BMI. The researchers of this article, based upon past studies, hypothesized that the four major parenting styles they presented would should greater increases in BMI than other styles (Fuemmeler, 2012). The researchers funded by several government grants such as the National Cancer Institute Grant and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Grant found an effective way to carry out this study. First, the researchers gave the individuals (ages11-21) being tested a survey about their parents to determine the style the parent used. The survey was broke down into tests. One test determined acceptance of the parent, while the other determined control. Based on the answers given by the child, the parent’s styles were determined and were broken up into four categories. These four categories were permissive, authoritarian, disengaged, and balanced. As a result, the categories would serve as the independent variables in the study. Once the child’s parenting type was established, the researchers monitored the kids BMI over an eleven year span to watch for any increases or decreases. The BMI, the dependent variable in the study, showed greater increases in the kids who had a balanced style parenting. This result surprised the researchers because they believed that the authoritarian and disengaged parent types would show greater increases. Although, the authoritarian and disengaged parent types didn’t show increases in BMI more than the balanced style, they did associate to lees leveling off of trajectories over time (Fuemmeler, 2012). This study showed relation between the parenting styles and BMI’s of their children, but this study does not present a causal relationship between the two. It cannot show a causal relationship for a number of reasons. One reason is due to the fact that the study refuses to acknowledge factors causing association between parenting styles and BMI. For example, a parent that practices a disengaged style and lives in an obese home environment may encourage poor eating and exercise habits in their kid’s lives. Also in order for the study to demonstrate causation, the researcher would have had to alter the parenting styles and make greater changes to the weight and diet of the individuals being studied (Fuemmeler, 2012). Some things that should have been changed in the study would be the way the measurements were recorded. Instead of having a self-reported height and weight, the researchers should have had their own workers record the measurements for more accuracy. Another flaw in the study was that the style of parenting before adolescence was never examined. Which leaves the question of whether parenting styles in adolescence or pre adolescence has more of an effect on BMI. Fuemmeler, B. F., Yang, C., Costanzo, P., Hoyle, R. H., Siegler, I. C., Williams, R. B., & Østbye, T. (2012). Parenting styles and body mass index trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. Health Psychology, 31(4), 441-449

Reflection Paper Temple Grandin

Temple Grandin Emergence: Labeled Autistic Positive Outcomes Born in 1949, Temple Grandin was first diagnosed with brain damage at the age of three and then, at the age of five, labeled Autistic. Today Temple Grandin, self-labeled as a recovered autistic, is a well-respected doctor in animal science, a professor at Colorado State University, a bestselling author, an autism activist, and a leading consultant to the livestock industry on animal behavior.While it is easily argued that Temple Grandin’s life does not represent the norm for most children with autism, her autobiography, Emergence: Labeled Autistic (1986) offers a powerful picture of the influences and experiences that steered Temple through her journey ‘emerging’ from autism. Considering Temple’s challenging behaviors as a toddler and the norms for the time, it would not have been surprising if Temple’s mother had followed the advice of the doctors and placed Temple into an institution at t he age of three or kept her isolated at home.Instead, her mother provided therapy and activities that kept Temple â€Å"from tuning out and failing to develop† (p. 20). At the age of three, Temple began regular therapy with a speech teacher who â€Å"helped [her] hear the consonants by stretching out and enunciating the consonants† (p. 17). Although the reader only has a glimpse of the challenge it must have been, it is clear that Temple was included in the daily and special activities of her family’s life with little allowances made for her atypical behavior: â€Å"Being a child of the 1950’s was an advantage because of structured Miss Manners meals and lots of turn-taking games kept me tuned in.The family meals and games also taught essential social skills† (p. 20). As Temple grew older, her mother continued to strive for Temple to have a normal life, enrolling her in kindergarten at the age of five, while also taking a proactive role in preventi ng problems before they happened. â€Å"The school I attended was a small private school for normal children. Mother had discussed my problems extensively with the teachers. On the first day of school I was kept home so that the teachers could explain to the other children that I was different† (p. 32).Temple’s mother was consistently an advocate for her; she did not shy away from providing Temple with experiences that would be challenging for Temple, for herself or for others. The summer after third grade, Temple went to sleep away camp. Even though this experience could be labeled a failure, Temple’s mother did not place the blame on Temple; she believed that the poor outcomes were the result of the adults handling the situation ineffectually. â€Å"When Temple is in secure surroundings where she feels love above all, and appreciation, her compulsive behavior dwindles† (p. 2). â€Å"The second problem was the camp personnel’s lack of insightâ₠¬  (p. 55). After graduating from her small elementary school, at the advice of her teachers and therapists, Temple was enrolled in a large private school. When it became clear that this setting was not appropriate for Temple, her mother, once again did not blame Temple. â€Å"I explained and she listened carefully. As usual, she stood up for me† (p. 68). Temple’s mother then took considerable time (and, in likelihood, spent considerable amount of money) to find a school that would be the best match for Temple.With Temple’s input, Temple’s mother selected the Mountain Country School in Vermont. â€Å"The Mountain Country School was started for gifted children like you† (p. 70). The Mountain Country School, as described by Temple, appeared to be an ideal school for children with high-functioning autism even by today’s understanding and standards. The basic philosophy of the school rested upon the principle of permitting students an opportuni ty to achieve what they could in specific areas, while at the same time both academic and personal allowances were made for areas of emotional handicaps (p. 2). There were four essential areas for both the school and the individual: an understanding of an individual’s personal problems and what to do to correct them; mastery of study skills; developing the social skills essential to everyday association; and the competition of everyday living either in or out of school (p. 72). Throughout Temple’s ‘emergence from autism’, Temple’s mother focused on Temple’s strengths and affirmed Temple’s differences and way of looking at the world. In letters to Temple, Mrs. Grandin wrote, â€Å"Be proud you are different.All bright people who have contributed to life have been different and found the path of life lonely. While the joiners and social butterflies flutter about, Temple, you’ll get real things done (p. 124). â€Å"You need symbo ls. You live them. Like a work of art they are a physical expression of what you feel† (p. 125). â€Å"Wanting to grow really loves yourself, loving the best part of yourself† (p. 148). Temple’s mother was not her only champion. While at the Mountain Country School, a teacher, Mr. Carlock emerged as an influential mentor for Temple. Like Temple’s mother, Mr.Carlock â€Å"didn’t see any labels, just the underlying talents† (p. 90). â€Å"He didn’t try to draw [Temple] into his world but came instead into [her] world† (p. 90). Through Mr. Carlock, Temple learnt many social skills. â€Å"He didn’t preach but showed by his own conduct a social perception that I envied and tried to emulate. From him I was learning humanistic values that I lacked because of my autism† (p. 91). Mr. Carlock did not try to force Temple to study material simply because it was the curriculum. Instead he started with where she was and used her interests to connect her to learning. â€Å"We start with you, Temple.If you want to prove your theory, then you’ll have to learn math, read scientific articles in the library, do some research† (p. 107). He realized that fighting Temple’s fixations was futile; instead he â€Å"channeled [her] fixations into constructive projects† (p. 90). These projects benefited Temple in many ways: she learned through creating; she was motivated to learn academics that might help with her projects; she stayed focused and busy which decreased her anxiety and limited her chances of ‘getting into trouble’; and she was productive, raising her worth both in her own eyes and that of her teachers and peers.Like Temple’s mother, Mr. Carlock affirmed Temple’s worth. â€Å"You’re a gifted individual, Temple- much more than any individual with just sex appeal. Your appeal, when you grow up to it, will be not only physical but intellectual, tooà ¢â‚¬  (p. 92). Years later, Mr. Carlock, perhaps unaware of what he is doing, sums up his own successful approach in his preface for Temple’s autobiography, â€Å"†¦there is hope for the autistic child – that deep, constant caring, understanding, acceptance, appropriately high expectations, and support and encouragement for what is best in him will provide a base, from which he can grow to his own potential† (p. ). From a very young age, Temple began to dream about â€Å"a magical device that would provide intense, pleasant pressure stimulation to [her] body. In [her] imagination this wonderful machine would not be a substitute to [her] mother’s hugs, but would be available at any time to soothe [her]† (p. 36). Perhaps due to her high intelligence and the acceptance by the adults around her, Temple was able to hypothesis the similarities of experiences that made her feel better. â€Å"Since I had no magical, comfort device, I wrapped myself in a blanket or got under sofa cushions to satisfy my desire for tactile stimulation.At night, I tucked in the sheets and blankets tightly and then slid in under them. Sometimes I wore cardboard posters like a sandwich board man because I enjoyed the pressure of the boards against my body† (p. 37). Through a lucky twist of fate, during a summer visit to her aunt’s ranch, Temple encounters a cattle squeeze machine; a strongly built stall for holding cattle still to minimize the risk of injury to both the animal and the operator whilst work on the animal is performed. Temple was fascinated by the squeeze machine: she observed over and over that when placed in this machine, the nervous animals calmed down.When Temple climbs into the squeeze machine herself, she finds that it has a similar effect on her own nerves: â€Å"the effect was both stimulating and relaxing at the same time† (p. 95). The magic device, ‘the squeeze machine’ came to play a signific ant role in Temple’s journey. First, it became another project for her to focus constructively on. It also began to give Temple some control over her debilitating anxiety. The device also provided Temple with an incentive as she â€Å"wouldn’t allow [herself] the relaxation/stimulation of the chute until [her] homework was completed† (p. 00). In college, proving the value of the squeeze machine for herself and other individual’s with autism became a purpose for learning skills and subjects that did not come easily to Temple. Eventually, the squeeze machine became a major reason for Temple’s career choice. During her time at Mountain Country School, Temple was able to find spiritual strength in visiting The Crow’s Nest. The Crow’s Nest was a small observation room on the roof where Temple could look out and see the mountains.With the characteristically literal thinking of an individual with autism, Temple had latched on to a Bible read ing she heard at chapel: â€Å"Before each of you there is a door opening into heaven. Open it and be saved† (p. 84). Temple began to search for the door. She finds a little wooden door that opened out onto the roof and to The Crow’s Nest. For Temple, this door, this place became her door to her Heaven where she could feel safe, hopeful and peaceful and was able to explore herself: her past, her present and her future.Temple believed that in going through this little door, in spending time in the Crow’s Nest, she experienced an awakening of her soul and mind (p. 87). The Crow’s Nest became a symbol to Temple that she could move forward, walk through new doors and grow. While most of Temple’s ‘emergence from autism’ took place before research on positive transition outcomes for children with disabilities, it is easy to see that Temple’s experiences demonstrate what research confirms to be true.Positive transition outcomes are mor e likely when parents or other family are involved; when the student has experienced school and community inclusion; the student has input into the goals; the student has had opportunity for employment experiences prior to graduation from secondary school; the student has an appropriate level of social competence; he student has developed skills and talents that are wanted and needed by the employers; the student has self-determination and self-advocacy skills; and the student has postsecondary education.Parent Involvement Temple was blessed with a mother who provided practical and emotional support as well as sourcing appropriate resources for Temple including therapy, a skilled nanny, schools and other experiences that helped Temple develop. Throughout her life other individuals took a personal interest in Temple, acting as mentors and guiding her academically and socially. The affirmation that Temple received from her mother and her mentors fueled Temple’s will to succeed. Experience in School and Community InclusionFrom the beginning Temple’s mother facilitated Temple’s inclusion in school and the community. Temple attended schools for typical children, was expected to participate in family activities, was supported in having friends, learned to swim and ride horses and attended summer camp. When a difficulty arrived, her mother advocated strongly for Temple while accepting Temple’s challenges. And when necessary, Temple’s mother sought out another school and community that was a better match for Temple. Student has Input into GoalsTemple’s teachers and mentors followed Temple’s interests, her fixations, and used these interests to persuade Temple to learn academic skills that did not interest her directly. Her interest in animals leads her to a degree in Animal Science. Temple states in her introduction, â€Å"Successful people with Asperger’s that I see †¦ were able to develop their ‘tal ent’ area into skill that other people appreciate and want† (p. 16). Self-determination and Self-advocacy Skills It is probably that Temple was born with a certain amount of determination to do what she wanted.Although often what she wanted was not what others wanted, this determination was refocused by her mentors into productive goals and projects that took into account what Temple wanted. Postsecondary Education Temple, with the support from both old and new mentors, attended college and graduate school. The college was carefully selected to meet Temple’s needs. â€Å"I will forever bless those who selected a small college for me† (p. 107). Skills and Talents that are wanted and needed by Employers/Opportunity for Employment Experiences From early on Temple was encouraged to create things.Later on she had opportunities to build and repair useful things such as a system to open the gate to her aunt’s ranch from the car. Although details are not gi ven in Emergence, the book suggests that she had responsibilities at Mountain Country School to help with the farm and the horses. During her visit to her aunt’s ranch she is encouraged to try out running different equipment. The summer after high school graduation Temple spends the summer working at her Aunt’s ranch. While at college she works with children with disabilities.Temple herself advocates: â€Å"Develop their talents into skills that can be used in a job or hobby. The goal is to provide them with skills that can give them satisfaction in life through shared interests. Some of the happiest people in the autism spectrum are the ones who have friends that share their special interest† (p 14). Social competence Through opportunity, experiences, role models and guidance from mentors she respected and felt cared for by, Temple was able to learn sufficient social competence to continue her education and hold jobs.Temple Grandin’s book, Emergence, off ers a real life example of how love, support, experiences and appropriate teaching and guidance can allow an individual to overcome her disability. While Temple stands out as an astonishing story of success, where everything that contributed to her positive outcome came together almost as a miracle, educators and parents of children with difficulties can use her experiences combined with the more recent research to plan deliberately to improve positive outcomes for their children.

Find the Anode and Cathode of a Galvanic Cell

Find the Anode and Cathode of a Galvanic Cell ​Anodes and cathodes are the endpoints or terminals of a device that produces electrical current. Electrical current runs from the positively charged terminal to the negatively charged terminal. The cathode is the terminal that attracts cations, or positive ions. To attract the cations, the terminal must be negatively charged. Electrical current is the amount of charge that passes a fixed point per unit time. The direction of the current flow is the direction in which a positive charge flows. Electrons are negatively charged and move in the opposite direction of the current. In a galvanic cell, the current is produced by connecting an oxidation reaction to a reduction reaction in an electrolyte solution. Oxidation and reduction reactions or redox reactions are chemical reactions involving a transfer of electrons from one atom in the reaction to another. When two different oxidation or reduction reactions are connected electrically, a current is formed. The direction depends on the type of reaction taking place at the terminal.Reduction reactions involve the gain of electrons. Electrons are needed to fuel the reaction and pull these electrons from the electrolyte. Since electrons are attracted to the reduction site and current flows opposite the flow of electrons, current flows away from the reduction site. Since current flows from the cathode to the anode, the reduction site is the cathode.Oxidation reactions involve the loss of electrons. As the reaction progresses, the oxidation terminal loses electrons to the electrolyte. The negative charge moves awa y from the oxidation site. The positive current moves towards the oxidation site, against the flow of electrons. Since current flows to the anode, the oxidation site is the anode of the cell. Keeping Anode and Cathode Straight On a commercial battery, the anode and cathode are clearly marked (- for anode and for cathode). Sometimes only the () terminal is marked. On a battery, the bumpy side is () and the smooth side is (-). If youre setting up a galvanic cell, youll need to keep the redox reaction in mind to identify the electrodes. Anode: positively charged terminal - oxidation reactionCathode: negatively charged terminal - reduction reactionThere are a couple mnemonics that can help you remember the details.To remember the charge: Caions are attracted to the Cahode (the t is a plus sign)To remember which reaction occurs at which terminal: An Ox and Red Cat - Anode Oxidation, Reduction Cathode Remember, the concept of electrical current was defined back before scientists understood the nature of positive and negative charges, so it was set up for the direction a () charge would move. In metals and other conductive materials, its actually the electrons or (-) charges that move. You can think of it as holes of positive charge. In an electrochemical cell, its just as likely cations will move as anions (in fact, both are probably moving at the same time).

Samuel Adams, Revolutionary Activist and Philosopher

Samuel Adams, Revolutionary Activist and Philosopher Samuel Adams (September 16, 1722–October 2, 1803) played an important philosophical and activist role in early advocating the independence of the North American British colonies, and the eventual founding of the new United States. Fast Facts: Samuel Adams Known For: Important activist, philosopher, and writer during the American Revolution against Great BritainBorn: September 16, 1722 in Boston, MassachusettsParents: Samuel and Mary Fifield AdamsDied:  October 2, 1803 in BostonEducation: Boston Latin School and Harvard CollegeSpouse(s): Elizabeth Checkley (m. 1749–1757); Elizabeth (Betsey) Wells (m. 1764–his death)Children: Six children with Elizabeth Checkley: Samuel (1750–1750), Samuel (born 1751), Joseph, (1753–1753), Mary (1754–1754), Hannah, (b. 1756), stillborn son (1757) Early Life Samuel Adams was born on September 27, 1722, in Boston, Massachusetts, the eldest surviving son of 12 children born to Samuel (1689–1748) and Mary Fifield Adams: only Samuel, Mary (b. 1717), and Joseph (b. 1728) survived to adulthood. Samuel Adams, Sr., was a merchant, a popular Whig Party leader, and the Deacon of the local Congregational Church, where he was known as Deacon Adams. Deacon Adams was one of 89 grandchildren of the Puritan colonist Henry Adams, who left Somersetshire in England for Braintree (later renamed Quincy), Massachusetts in 1638- Sam Adams cousins included John Adams, who would become U.S. president in 1796. Mary Fifield was the daughter of a local businessman in Boston, a devout woman with an artistic bent. The Adams family early grew prosperous, building a large house on Purchase Street in Boston, where Samuel Adams and his siblings grew up. Deacon Adams was a huge influence on Samuel Adams life. In 1739, he was chosen to help draft legislative instructions for the Massachusetts colonys general assembly and became a formidable political force in the Whig party, serving as a representative to the provincial assembly. Together, Deacon Adams and his son fought a battle with the Royal government over a land bank scheme that lasted a decade after the Deacons death. The elder Adams had been part of the creation of a bank to assist farmers and business people get started. The colonial government rejected his right to do such a thing, and over the next two decades, it fought father and son to take possession of their property and businesses as recompense. Education Adams attended Boston Latin School and then entered Harvard College in 1736 at the age of 14. He started out studying theology but found his interests swinging towards politics. He received his bachelors and masters degrees from Harvard in 1740 and 1743, respectively. After graduation, Adams tried numerous businesses, including one he started on his own. However, he was never successful as a commercial businessman- his father saw that Sam had a growing dislike for authority of any kind. In 1748, Samuel Adams did find a direction: he and his friends formed a club to debate issues and launch a publication to shape public opinion called The Public Advertiser, in which Adams exercised his considerable persuasive writing skills. That same year, his father died. Adams took over his fathers business enterprise and turned to the part-time career that he would enjoy for the rest of his life: politics. Marriage and Early Political Career Adams married Elizabeth Checkley, the daughter of the pastor of the Congregational Church in 1749. Together they had six children, but all but Samuel (born 1751) and Hannah (born 1756) died as infants. In 1756, Samuel Adams became one of Bostons tax collectors, a position he would keep for almost 12 years. He was not the most diligent in his career as a tax collector, but instead continued and increased his writing and activism, quickly becoming a leader in Bostons politics. He became involved in numerous informal political organizations that had a large control over town meetings and local politics. On July 25, 1757, his wife Elizabeth died, giving birth to their last child, a stillborn son. Adams remarried on December 6, 1764, to Elizabeth (Betsey) Wells; his first wifes father officiated. Agitation Against the British After the French and Indian War that ended in 1763, Great Britain increased taxes in the American colonies to pay for the costs that they had incurred for fighting in and defending them. Adams strenuously opposed three tax measures in particular: the Sugar Act of 1764, the Stamp Act of 1765, and the Townshend Duties of 1767. He believed that as the British government increased its taxes and duties, it was reducing the individual liberties of the colonists, which in turn would lead to even greater tyranny. Adams held two key political positions that helped him in his fight against the British: he was the clerk of both the Boston town meeting and the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Through these positions, he was able to draft petitions, resolutions, and letters of protest. He argued that since the colonists were not represented in Parliament, they were being taxed without their consent. Thus the rallying cry, No taxation without representation. Taxes and Tea Parties Adams main suggestion for political action against the British was that the colonists should boycott English imports and hold public demonstrations. Although mob violence was common in the early days of the revolution, Samuel Adams never supported the use of violence against the British as a means of protest and supported the fair trial of the soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre. In 1772, Adams helped found a committee meant to unite Massachusetts towns against the British, which he later expanded to other colonies. In 1773, the British passed the Tea Act, which was not a tax and would have resulted in lower prices on tea. However, it was meant to aid the East India Company by allowing it to bypass the English import tax and sell through merchants it selected. Adams felt that this was just a ploy to get colonists to accept the Townshend duties that were still in place. On December 16, 1773, Adams spoke at a town meeting against the Act. That evening, dozens of men dressed as Native Americans boarded three tea importing ships that sat in Boston Harbor and threw the tea overboard, an act destined to be called the Boston Tea Party. The Intolerable Acts The British responded to the Tea Party by closing down the port of Boston, cutting off the lifeblood of trade to the citys economy. Some British lawmakers such as Edmund Burke, a member of the House of Commons, warned it would be counterproductive, that instead they should focus their anger at the guilty persons: John Hancock and Samuel Adams. But instead of punishing Adams and Hancock directly, the British government passed what would become known as the Coercive Acts or, more tellingly, the Intolerable Acts. In addition to the Boston Port Act, which itself included the limiting of town meetings to one a year, the government passed the Impartial Administration of Justice Act, that said that the Massachusetts governor should send government officials accused of capital crimes to England. The Quartering Act allowed British troops to use the colonists buildings as military barracks. Rather than intimidating or deterring him, Adams saw this as further evidence that the British would continue to limit the colonists liberty, and he counseled a hard line against King George III and his government. Representative Adams On May 3, 1774, Boston held its annual meeting to elect representatives to the Massachusetts House: Adams won 535 of the 536 votes cast and was named the moderator of the Town Meeting. They met again three days later and adopted a resolution calling for unity with the other colonies in a boycott and embargo of Britain in protest of the Boston Port Act. Paul Revere was sent out with a letter to the southern colonies.   On May 16, a March 31 report from London reached Boston: a ship had sailed with orders to bring Adams and Hancock back to England in irons. On the 25, the Massachusetts House of Representatives met in Boston and unanimously elected Samuel Adams as clerk. The Governor, General Gage, ordered the House adjourned until June 7 and moved to Salem, but instead, the House met on September 1, 1774, in Philadelphia: the first Continental Congress. Continental Congresses In September 1774, Samuel Adams became one of the delegates at the First Continental Congress held in Philadelphia, and his role included assisting with the draft of the Declaration of Rights. In April 1775, Adams, along with John Hancock, was finally a target of the British army advancing on Lexington. They escaped, however, when Paul Revere famously warned them. In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress was held, but Sam Adams did not hold a public role. Instead, he was part of the Massachusetts ratifying convention for the U.S. Constitution and helped write the Massachusetts state constitution. Although his eloquent written and oral support for the revolution continued to be heard, Adams role in the Continental Congress was primarily military: he served on several committees for military defense and armaments, and those for assessing the colonies defensive needs. That was his choice: he felt the importance of being prepared for the eventual war. Once hostilities began, he struggled to convince everyone that reconciliation was a delusion leading directly to destruction. Once the Declaration of Independence was made, Adams continued to work tirelessly as a leader for military activities, to gain foreign aid, and to get the machinery of government in order and functioning. In 1781, even though the final battle had not yet been won, he retired from Congress. Legacy and Death Adams had not given up on politics, however. He lost a highly contested bid for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1788, but when John Hancock ran for Massachusetts governor the following year, he agreed to run as Hancocks lieutenant. The pair was elected. Adams served as Hancocks lieutenant governor for four years and when Hancock died in 1793, he ascended to the governors chair. During the late 1790s, those in the U.S. government were divided into federalists, those who preferred a strong central government, and Republicans, who did not. As a republican-minded governor in a federalist state, Adams could see that at least for the moment, the federalists were winning out. When Samuels federalist cousin John Adams won the presidency, Adams retired from public life. Samuel Adams died on October 2, 1803, in Boston. Sources Alexander, John K. Samuel Adams: Americas Revolutionary Politician. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield, 2002.Irvin, Benjamin H. Samuel Adams: Son of Liberty, Father of Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.Puls, Mark. Samuel Adams: Father of the American Revolution. New York: St. Martins Press, 2006.Stoll, Ira. Samuel Adams: A Life. New York: Free Press (Simon Schuster), 2008.

The Economic Considerations Of Information Security And Its Management Essay

The Economic Considerations Of Information Security And Its Management - Essay Example However, the people who could care for a system were not the ones who suffered the costs of break down. This scenario can be explained with the help of some examples. Well structured billing-management features for the administrators who offered them, but were not so excellent at protecting customer’s privacy. For instance, automatic teller machines gone through under fraud in a lot of developed countries like the Netherlands and United Kingdom, where deprived rules and regulations left banks without enough encouragement to protect their information systems, and allowed them to pay the charges of fraud to their customers. In this scenario, the internet is acknowledged as an insecure medium due to the fact that its liability for attacks is so diffuse. In all of these cases, the technical considerations of security are less important than the economic considerations (Anderson & Schneier, 2008), (NIST, 2010) and (Anderson & Moore, 2007). In this scenario, to implement a solution to this problem there is need to think about following questions like â€Å"do we need to spend an adequate amount of funds keeping viruses, attacks and hackers out of our corporate computer systems? Or do we pay out too much for overall security management? Seeing that after the incident of 9/11, this kind of questions has gained a heightened significance. In this scenario, the economics can depict a lot of puzzling realities regarding internet security. For example, organizations implement email encryption and firewalls not due to the relative efficiency of these technologies, however due to the economic forces that force corporations to install these tools on their systems (Anderson & Schneier, 2008), (NIST, 2010) and (Anderson & Moore, 2007). At the present, organizations hardly ever make public information concerning interruptions due to the economic reasons in doing so. For instance, an un-protected operating system is an international standard, partially for the reason that its financial results are mostly shown not by the corporation that built the operating system, however by the clients who bought it and used it. Furthermore, a number of major controversial cyber-policy matters also exist between information security and economics (Anderson & Schneier, 2008), (NIST, 2010) and (Anderson & Moore, 2007). Economic theory forecasted that the worldwide recession will certainly augment the amount of cyber crimes as the financial recession deepens. There could be a lot of reasons of cyber crime such as an increase in security breaches and hit on more vulnerable and frantic people from those with cyber skills and cyber criminal position for desired income; and a reduced focus on investment in computer security as a result of fewer resources. According to the various researches, the assets of United States households have reduced up to approximately $1.4 trillion; consequently the whole sum of money available to steal has reduced. However, this connection and causation are tremendously hard to demonstrate conclusively. In this scenario, it could be concluded that the cyber crime has been growing at very high rate for the reason that there are less difficulties for the criminals to perform their activities and almost no risk of being trapped and accused. However, this is apart from of the circumstance of the global economy. Despite the fact that appearing at the difficulty of workers of the growing marketplaces, this can be concluded that the financial situation of these nations has been significantly condensed with less hope of development of their condition, cyber crime prospects and thus the number of workers will increase (Guerra, 2009) and (Schneier, 2006). Possibly,

Has Organisational Culture now replaced organisational Structure as Essay

Has Organisational Culture now replaced organisational Structure as the dominant method of management control in the organisation. reflect these controls with - Essay Example Taylor and Herbert Simon are all Americans. To enable the readers to fully understand the research question, the researcher will first define organizational structure as well as the organizational culture before comparing the difference between the two management control methods. Through the process of conducting a literature review, the researcher will identify the evolution of organizational structure and organizational culture. Prior to concluding as to whether or not organisational culture has totally replaced the importance of organisational structure as a more dominant method of management control within an organisation as well as whether or not it would be a good idea to consider whether these sorts of generalizations can be applied in a global manner or whether they tend to reflect the dominance of the US experience in management theory, the researcher will seek to examine the degree of detachment from the use of the formal rules and regulations within the UK government organization. Organizational structure is the structural pattern that is created within the organization based on the importance of each employee’s role. (Mabey, Salaman, & Storey, 2001; Mullins, 1993) The main purpose of the structure is to organize the allocation of work and responsibilities so as to hasten the accomplishment of the organizational goals. With the presence of an organizational structure, it is easier for the leaders to develop a strategic plan and control the internal activities within the organization. (Mabey, Salaman, & Storey, 2001) In line with the organizational structure is the classical bureaucracies which is normally based on a set of principles of hierarchy, authority as well as organizational control. (Weber, 1981 [1945]) These bureaucracies are structured into different compartmentalised hierarchial layers to determine the significance of the employees authoritative power